Apple cider vinegar is probably the most recognizable ingredient on this list, long used in folk remedies and more recently studied for its acetic acid content.
Research on ACV tends to focus on post-meal blood sugar response and appetite, rather than fat loss directly — a more modest claim than the ingredient's popular reputation suggests.
As with the other two ingredients, Valiora doesn't publish the exact amount included per capsule.
Where it sits in the formula: one of three named ingredients in Valiora's proprietary blend, alongside Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Leaf Extract, Berberine HCl.